Johnston co-authored, with Frank Thomas, the reference book Disney Animation: The Illusion of Life, which contained the 12 basic principles of animation. Toad), Sir Hiss (in Robin Hood), and story consultant in Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland. According to the book The Disney Villain, written by Johnston and Frank Thomas, Johnston also partnered with Thomas on creating characters such as Ichabod Crane (in The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Smee (in Peter Pan), the Stepsisters (in Cinderella), the District Attorney (in The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. The last film he worked on was The Fox and the Hound. His last full work for Disney came with The Rescuers, in which he was caricatured as one of the film's characters, the cat Rufus. He contributed to most Disney animated features, including Fantasia and Bambi. Johnston was an animator at Walt Disney Studios from 1934 to 1978, and became a directing animator beginning with Pinocchio, released in 1940. His work was recognized with the National Medal of Arts in 2005. He was recognized by The Walt Disney Company with its Disney Legend Award in 1989. He was one of Disney's Nine Old Men, and the last surviving at the time of his death from natural causes. (Octo– April 14, 2008) was an American motion picture animator.
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